When the world gets closer.

We help you see farther.

Sign up to our expressly international daily newsletter.

Already a subscriber? Log in .

You've reached your limit of one free article.

Get unlimited access to Worldcrunch

You can cancel anytime .

SUBSCRIBERS BENEFITS

Exclusive International news coverage

Ad-free experience NEW

Weekly digital Magazine NEW

9 daily & weekly Newsletters

Access to Worldcrunch archives

Free trial

30-days free access, then $2.90
per month.

Annual Access BEST VALUE

$19.90 per year, save $14.90 compared to monthly billing.save $14.90.

Subscribe to Worldcrunch
Turkey

Turkish Cinema Has A Gun To Its Head

A government crackdown on dissent in Turkish cinema is transforming filmmaking and destroying careers.

Turkish movie posters
Turkish movie posters
Hanns-Georg Rodek

BERLIN — The movie trailer opens with "Ali Avci presents." Daybreak. Someone washing his hands. Soldiers penetrating a house. Cufflinks on a freshly starched shirt. An overlay: "July 14, 2016." Gunfire as the armed men shoot several people in the house. Then, silence.

Two legs dressed in the green pants of the Turkish army stride past bloody corpses. A general. He inspects the bullet-ridden bodies of a family in the living room. And then, a close-up shot: a pistol on the head of a kneeling man, unmistakably Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey's powerful president. The screen fades to black. Another overlay appears: "yakinda," it reads — "soon."

The trailer for the film Uyanis (awakening) was released in July. The following day, Turkish authorities arrested the producer, Ali Avci, and accused him of being "a leader of an armed terrorist organization" and having connections to imam Fethullah Gulen, whom the Turkish government accuses of being behind the attempted coup of July 14, 2016.

The accusations are astonishing. Avci's previous film, just released this past spring, is called Reis (chief) and offers a glowing depiction of President Erdogan's childhood and first baby steps into politics. But now the filmmaker is stewing in prison. And Uyanis, it's safe to say,won't be coming soon to a theater near you.

The desired level

It's hard to imagine, here in Germany, a film that shows Angela Merkel"s family being mowed down, and with the chancellor herself having a gun pressed to her head. It's also impossible to say how the authorities might react. But in Turkey, the scenario is quite real, the result of an ever-escalating confrontation between Turkish cinema and Erdogan's regime.

Late last year, President Erdogan declared that Turkey had "failed to reach the desired level in two fields." First is the educational sector; the second is arts and culture. In its platform, the governing AKP party provides some clues as to what the "desired level" actually is. Education and culture should transmit "national, religious, moral and folkloric values," the platform reads. Or as Erdogan himself says, "Really, we need freethinking intellectuals but who live in peace with their nation and history. None who look down on their kinfolk."

Where that leaves Polat Alemdar, is not clear. Alemdar, a tough-guy action hero who moves like a robot and fearlessly faces down evil, is hardly an intellectual. The character is more like James Bond, except instead of fighting for MI6, his exploits are for the honor of Turkey. In dozens of television episodes and three movies, he has defeated the mafia, Kurdish terrorists, and the Israeli army. Alemdar's latest adventure, Valley of the Wolves: Homeland, arrived in theaters around the world in late September. In it, the Turkish 007 takes on the most important assignment of his career: stopping an invasion of his homeland and disarming rebels.

The Alemdar franchise, for one, isn't in any open conflict with the government. There are plenty of other examples too. The 2015 film Kodi Adi: K.O.Z. (Codename: K.O.Z.) portrays the alienation of Erdogan and Gulen, but through a pro-government lens. And Semih Kaplanoglu, whose Bal (Honey) won the grand prize at the Berlin Film Festival in 2010, openly supports AKP.

But other filmmakers are clearly pushing the government's buttons, and facing real consequences as a result. The festival showing of Cayan Demirel's 2015 movie Bakur, about the daily lives of PKK guerillas during the peace process, was canceled outright on the pretext that organizers failed to provide an obscure "registration document" that had never been requested at previous festivals. In response, nearly two dozen directors removed their films from the national feature film competition in Istanbul. The jury followed. And in the end, the competition was canceled.

Another taboo: Kurds

The context of the current conflict dates back decades. The Turkish film industry is one of the largest in the world. In its heyday — the 60s and 70s — it brought 200 films per year to the silver screen, more than some European countries like Germany. And for a long time, Turkish cinema routinely dealt with social issues like injustice and the feudal system. The only taboo for the emerging crop of movie stars was having the wrong ancestors.

When Ayhan Isik, one of the country's most beloved stars, died in 1979, an Armenian colleague mourned his passing in the Turkish daily Hürriyet. He concluded his letter with "your uncle Nubar Terziyan." In reality, Isik was born Isiyan, an Armenian name. His shocked family put out their own article saying, "Important correction: Our dearest Ayhan Isik has nothing to do with the piece signed "your uncle."" When the star comedian Kenan Pars passed away 30 years later, his true name — Kirkor Cezveciyan (Armenian) — was revealed as well.

Another taboo are the Kurds, and not just since Erdogan terminated the peace process with Kurdish rebels. Six months ago, Karim Oz's Zer (Yellow), a historical drama on the massacre of Dersim, during last large Kurdish uprising some 75 years ago, premiered at the Istanbul Film Festival. Halfway through the festival screening, the screen went black and typeface appeared: "You may not view this scene because the governing board of the Turkish Ministry for Culture and Tourism considers it inappropriate." When the film later appeared in theaters, the blackened passages were missing altogether.

As the controversy over Bakur demonstrated, liberal festivals have become the main staging ground for confrontation. A documentary film about the 2013 Gezi Park protests was taken off the schedule of events at a festival in Antalya, presumably because it showed anti-Erdogan graffiti. As a result, every single participating director declared a boycott. The documentary competition was then dropped entirely

The festivals face intense financial pressure. The main sponsor in Istanbul, Akbank, pulled out for fear that it would be associated with troublemakers. And in Adana, the city council fired the entire festival selection committee and replaced it with public officials who had no formal knowledge of cinema.

So far, there's no official industry blacklist. In practice, though, certain filmmakers are being left out in the cold. Examples include internationally renowned directors like Emin Alper (his Abluka is currently in German theaters), Tolga Karacelik (his last film was at Sundance), and Erol Mintas (he won a prize in Sarajevo). Since Turkey pulled out of the Brussels-based "Creative Europe" program, there are even fewer opportunities.

In Alper's Abluka (Madness), authorities prematurely release a prisoner so that he can spy on his neighbors. He doesn't have much success. Instead, he moves through a nightmare of roadblocks, images of terrorist attacks on television, and wild dogs picking off residents. It isn't an anti-Erdogan film per say. But it does show a country that is going, quite literally, to the dogs.

You've reached your limit of free articles.

To read the full story, start your free trial today.

Get unlimited access. Cancel anytime.

Exclusive coverage from the world's top sources, in English for the first time.

Insights from the widest range of perspectives, languages and countries.

Ideas

Look At This Crap! The "Enshittification" Theory Of Why The Internet Is Broken

The term was coined by journalist Cory Doctorow to explain the fatal drift of major Internet platforms: if they were ever useful and user-friendly, they will inevitably end up being odious.

A photo of hands holding onto a smartphone

A person holding their smartphone

Gilles Lambert/ZUMA
Manuel Ligero

-Analysis-

The universe tends toward chaos. Ultimately, everything degenerates. These immutable laws are even more true of the Internet.

In the case of media platforms, everything you once thought was a good service will, sooner or later, disgust you. This trend has been given a name: enshittification. The term was coined by Canadian blogger and journalist Cory Doctorow to explain the inevitable drift of technological giants toward... well.

The explanation is in line with the most basic tenets of Marxism. All digital companies have investors (essentially the bourgeoisie, people who don't perform any work and take the lion's share of the profits), and these investors want to see the percentage of their gains grow year after year. This pushes companies to make decisions that affect the service they provide to their customers. Although they don't do it unwillingly, quite the opposite.

For the latest news & views from every corner of the world, Worldcrunch Today is the only truly international newsletter. Sign up here.

Annoying customers is just another part of the business plan. Look at Netflix, for example. The streaming giant has long been riddling how to monetize shared Netflix accounts. Option 1: adding a premium option to its regular price. Next, it asked for verification through text messages. After that, it considered raising the total subscription price. It also mulled adding advertising to the mix, and so on. These endless maneuvers irritated its audience, even as the company has been unable to decide which way it wants to go. So, slowly but surely, we see it drifting toward enshittification.

Keep reading...Show less

The latest