BBC NEWS, ITV (UK)
Worldcrunch
BIRMINGHAM – Malala Yousafzai, who was shot in the head by the Taliban for urging girls to attend school, has been released from the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, reports ITV.
[rebelmouse-image 27086124 alt="""" original_size="580x326" expand=1]Malala Yousafzai Leaving Queen Elizabeth Hospital In Birmingham - Credit: NHS
The Pakistani schoolgirl activist was admited at the hospital in October following an attack on October 9 on her schoolbus in northwestern Pakistan. The Taliban said it shot Malala, a campaigner for girls' education, for "promoting secularism."
She suffered severe head and chest injuries after being shot by gunmen who assaulted her after stopping the vehicle. The teenager was flown to England and admitted to the QEHB on October 15 to receive specialist treatment.
The schoolgirl will continue rehabilitation at her family's temporary West Midlands home, reports BBC News.
She is due to undergo cranial reconstruction surgery in the coming weeks.
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Two elderly women and a man walk arm in arm
The book explains that for many older people, friendships take on an inordinate importance that may even displace family ties. We might ordinarily associate this stage in life with fewer friendships and withdrawal into the family environment or in the worst cases, loneliness. For all age groups, isolation is increasingly seen as a healthcare epidemic in Western societies, precisely for its effects on physical and emotional wellbeing. It is not unusual of course for friendships to end if they rested on conditions that have disappeared (you are less mobile now, are dependent, or poorer). Only, the book suggests, it needn't be inevitable.
Grieving and ageism
But death is indeed inevitable and the elderly are bound to see more of their peers die. These are difficult losses because they challenge our subjective view of life and remind us of our own mortality. But even without traumatic deaths, maintaining friendships becomes challenging as our interactions are reduced.
Many seniors are quite fit and active these days, but the social spaces that allow interactions may be fewer. Modern society barely focuses on creating social spaces for the elderly or on including them in the wider circuit, and options often barely go beyond neighborhood clubs or cultural centers that can be confining.
When age is seen as an obstacle or impediment to 'performance,' society then balks at including the elderly in mainstream activities. Many spaces and structures thus tends to isolate the elderly.
Friends above family
The authors consider our society's view of the elderly as child-like, which creates pressures on them to abandon their social life and return to the close family circle. It's a mistake.
Old age is also seen as unfavorable to making friends
Family ties, while crucial to many, differ from friendship. People derive different things from their ties to friends than from children, siblings or cousins.
Old age is also seen as unfavorable to making friends: the idea is, the elderly like to stick to the friends they've known. But they can, and should, make new friends. And these are outside, not inside the family home. They may not be close initially, like a family member, but may be going through a similar experience. Without the school, college or workplace environments of previous years — which are places to interact and socialize — the elderly have a challenge then in finding the equivalent of those settings.
Society plays a role here, especially in changing its perceptions of this stage of our lives, and its requirements. That is where friendship becomes crucial, helping the elderly respect themselves, giving meaning to everyday life, and compensating for traumatic changes.
You might think children, or even a niece or nephew, could provide you with the trust and company you need should you find yourself alone at a later age.
But the difference is in the active choice. Friends are chosen. Thus, especially at this later stage, they come to represent a person's treasured, and threatened, autonomy.
* Belli and Suárez are lecturers at the philosophy department of the University of Buenos Aires.
