-Editorial-
SANTIAGO — Chilean President Michelle Bachelet swept back into power with high expectations and oodles of popular support. But just 14 months after returning to office, she is widely regarded as a disappointment, with an approval rating of just 29%, a reform agenda that has failed to generate much enthusiasm, and an economy that has fallen short of the kind of growth rates Chileans expect. With luck, the economy may grow 3% this year.
And now the government is dealing with a crisis of probity, or worse, of credibility, which began with a harebrained land deal involving the president’s son, Sebastián Dávalos. The scandal eventually led Bachelet to ask all of her ministers to resign, and ultimately dismiss five. She moved four other ministry heads to new cabinet posts.
Bachelet’s plummeting popularity is only partly due to her own actions or her government’s performance. It is also the result of external factors that have affected all commodities exporters in the region. Chinese demand for raw materials has fallen, sharply reducing the price of copper, which accounts for 20% of Chile’s gross domestic product (GDP) and more than half its export earnings. Copper reached a historic peak price of $4.5 a pound in early 2011 before starting a steady decline to reach $2.5 in early 2015. That, rather than the government’s economic policies, is the biggest reason for Chile’s economic slowdown.
That’s not say the Bachelet administration has managed the economy well. Like Brazil’s Dilma Rousseff, Bachelet, a veteran of Chile’s Socialist Party, distrusts markets and the business community. She appointed a finance minister incapable of engaging with the private sector and, even when his incompetence became apparent, refused to replace him. Like Rousseff, she is not one to let go of staunch allies.
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Michelle Bachelet with Dilma Rousseff during an official visit in Brazil — Photo: Roberto Stuckert Filho
Bachelet’s first major reform was to raise taxes on company profits from 20% to 25% and eliminate tax exemptions on capital saved for investment. The tax hike was hardly excessive. It was reasonable, in fact, especially as the additional revenue its generates will be spent on education and healthcare services, things Chile urgently needs to improve if it wants to cut inequality.
The conservative opposition has opposed practically every reform the president has introduced. Unfortunately for Bachelet, the general public — even people who voted for her — haven’t shown much enthusiasm for the changes either.
The problem isn’t so much the content of the reforms but the way the Bachelet administration and its allies went about implementing them. The governing coalition, with majorities in both legislative chambers, approached the reforms initially with a fervor bordering on arrogance. The election promises might as well have been celestial revelations. Even Lenin used to say that the revolution could move forward or back in keeping with needs. But this government seemed like it wanted to take a backhoe to the past and start anew. Until now, that is. The crisis sparked by the president’s son has forced the government to ease off the accelerator.
A family affair
Several months before Bachelet’s return to office, Sebastián Dávalos met with the vice-president of the Bank of Chile, a billionaire named Andrónico Luksic, who approved a $10 million loan for a company that is worth no more than $10,000. The company, called Caval, is half-owned by Dávalos’ wife, Natalia Compagnon, who used the loan to buy and then quickly resell (for a $5-million markup) agricultural land that was in the process of being rezoned for housing, insider information the couple presumably knew about.
The scandal broke in early February and had an immediate effect on public opinion. The allegations were particularly jarring given Bachelet’s campaign pledge to tackle privilege and inequality. The president was also criticized for her initial handling of the matter: she waited several weeks to respond and, when she finally did, wasn’t as critical of her son as many hoped she would be.
Then came another case of corruption, this time involving irregular campaign financing. One of the many politicians linked to the scandal was then Interior Minister Rodrigo Peñailillo, a Bachelet protégé. The minister, known for his careful speaking style and Armani suits, also failed to read the public mood. He dismissed the allegations against him and refused to step down.
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Michelle Bachelet soaking up support — Photo: Gobierno de Chile
But Chileans wanted his head. Ultimately, Bachelet gave it to them. Realizing finally just how much the affair was harming her government, she first asked for the entire cabinet’s resignation. Three days later, on May 11, she sent Peñailillo and four other ministers packing. Critics point to the way she initially announced the cabinet shakeup — during a sit-down interview with a popular talk show host, as opposed to in a press conference or official television address — as another mistake.
Time to listen
The new cabinet shows that the government has not so much abandoned as tempered its reformist zeal. The new interior minister, Jorge Burgos, is from the more moderate Christian Democratic party, while the new finance minister, Rodrigo Valdés, had a successful career in banking and is seen as business-friendly. The private sector welcomed that appointment.
The change shows the government is pausing before the next set of reforms. The country is expecting labor reforms, though one hopes the president understands that these would give more power to big unions representing the interests of the workers of big firms, who today are few in number.
Then there is the planned constitutional reform. One can always write a new constitution, but subsequent consultations, debates and legislative processes take time and resources. Perhaps in her two remaining years, Bachelet should focus on the educational reforms that could help create a more prosperous and egalitarian Chile.
One hopes she understands that advancing without seeking agreements is a childish attitude, characteristic of the most leftist members of her coalition. Let us hope too that she listens to her new finance minister. If she does, she may yet end her second presidential term with more personal popularity and better economic growth. Revamping her cabinet was a good decision. Too bad it took falling cooper prices and her son’s opportunism to make it happen.
