The Bataclan is still shuttered from the outside.
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Torn posters of the PSOE for the May 28 elections, in Madrid, Spain.
Ambitious goals cause internal conflict
The Left’s age-old divisions have been long derided — see the Life of Brian scene where separatist militants angrily point out the supposed differences between the People's Front of Judea and the Judean People's Front. They have also been studied.
In an article about disputes between left-wing populist party Podemos (We Can) and progressive Sumar (Unite) platform in El País, political scientist Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca explained that left-wing groups tend to split more because they are "more ambitious in their objectives."
Their goal is to emancipate citizens from all forms of exploitation, providing autonomy through an increasingly generous welfare state.
A reversal of roles
Despite its value, people did not fight to expand the welfare state's social rights during 21st century Spain or in the late 20th century elsewhere. Rather, it has been the opposite: a battle to preserve them. Thus, the "conservatives" are the left-wing, and the advocates for change are right-wing politicians. This may explain the recent increase in divisions on the right.
The conservative political environment has now been poisoned.
Unlike in previous decades, where three or four right-wing parties could coexist amicably with peaceful coalitions in parliamentary democracies like those of Central Europe or the Nordic countries, the conservative political environment has now been poisoned.
They negotiate governance, like the Christian conservative People's Party (PP) has with the far right Vox party in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in northwestern Spain. This is also the case in Sweden, where Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson’s moderates have aligned with Jimmie Åkesson’s far-right democrats, or as we will likely see in Finland and have seen in Italy recently.
But they no longer cohabit happily, instead exhibiting their differences in public, or increasingly, hiding their alliances and refusing to appear in the same photo. When photographed together, like the leader of the Swedish Liberal party with the far right, it is soberly, without a smile.
Changing faces, same ideas
Why is that? Is it because it's now the right who, within the traditional European welfare state, want to change things? Of course not. In most cases, that's empty rhetoric. The extreme right relies on public disillusionment, without offering anything tangible. Yet these nationalists are the ones who pay lip service to being anti-establishment in a globalized and interconnected world, where people (and goods) can move from one country to another with relative freedom.
The question is, why do strong divisions persist in the progressive camp? After all, the Left no longer represents such a solid option for change — these days, its leaders can be interchanged without a massive upheaval in public policy.
One example is Barcelona’s city council, where left-wing populist Mayor Ada Colau's policies are an unbroken continuation of those of her socialist predecessors. In fact, many have been implemented by the very same people who worked for the previous mayors. If her socialist second Jaume Collboni, or even the leftist republican Ernest Maragall governed, their policies would be practically identical.
Democracy turns to oligarchy
There are surely many answers, but one in particular must be highlighted: the context in which new left-wing parties emerged. A decade ago, they filled the electoral ballots of our city councils, autonomous communities and parliaments with a rainbow of colors.
Then we come to the "iron law of oligarchy." Conservative sociologist Robert Michels created this theory a century ago, in which organizations that begin as particularly democratic (certain aspects of Podemos) end up, for the organization’s survival, in the hands of an oligarchic elite.
And if we look at the history of purges, membership suspensions, rigged lists and media rampages against opponents, few organizations in Spain have represented the iron law of the oligarchy more neatly. The left-wing coalitionUnidas Podemos (United We Can) may be one of the youngest parties in our country, but it is undoubtedly the one that has aged the fastest.
Red Spain is broken. Blue Spain is too. Hopefully someday, someone will light up a gray, but united, Spain.
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