The importance of environment

John Mayer, clinical psychologist and author of Family Fir: Find Your Balance in Life, told Yahoo Life that there are several factors that lead people to believe these theories. The first is their environment.

As Mayer explains, people reinforce their own beliefs when they surround themselves with people who share them. "If your family and friends believe in aliens, you're likely to do the same," he said.

In this regard, the internet has helped these theories gain popularity. Technology enabled independent echo chambers and bubbles to spread online, free of outside voices that contrast their beliefs.

NASA researchers support this explanation: they say that the more we look for UFOs or think about them, the more convinced we are that we have encountered one. One example was during the Covid-19 pandemic confinement, when the world was looking for explanations for what was happening.

Conspiracy theories make you feel insecure

During this period, large spikes in alleged UFO sightings were recorded. According to NASA, this is also because people were paying much more attention and so were more likely to dwell on these suspicious objects whenever they needed a distraction or were simply bored.

There are two possibilities: either we are alone in the universe or we are not alone. Both are equally terrifying.

Another is that when facing “secret” knowledge, there is a need for explanations to be unique, as Bristol University psychology professor Stephan Lewandowsky explained to the BBC. “We don't like the idea that something terrible could happen out of nowhere, so it's psychologically comforting for some people to believe in a well-organized conspiracy of powerful people who are responsible for these events."

However, this idea is contradicted by conspiracy theories. Conspiracy theories make people feel more insecure, powerless and even hopeless. Experts such as Karen Douglas, professor of psychology at the University of Kent, say this leads to a chain reaction: once in that state, people are more likely to continue believing in these theories.

Two terrifying possibilities

The only certainty about extraterrestrial life is that the topic is mired in conspiracy theories. To sum up the debate, Christopher C. French, head of the Anomalistic Psychology Research Unit at the University of London, quotes a phrase said by the writer Arthur C. Clarke, the mind behind 2001: A Space Odyssey: "There are two possibilities: either we are alone in the universe or we are not alone. Both are equally terrifying."

What to do? The desire to know whether we are alone or in the universe is perfectly understandable. Experts suggest that when politicians acknowledge the possibility that contacts with aliens could have been kept secret, the public tends to believe conspiracy theories more. So, what is needed is high-quality information and data to shed light on these occurrences. That is why NASA has shown increasing interest in analyzing abnormal phenomena. But in order to do this, the concept of UFOs needs to be destigmatized urgently.

"My hope is that one result of the study.... [will be] to lessen the sense of conspiracy," David Spergel, president of the Simons Foundation and chair of NASA's as-yet-unpublished UAP study, told the BBC.