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Panama Papers & Politics, From Pakistan to Iceland

SPOTLIGHT: PANAMA PAPERS & POLITICS, FROM PAKISTAN TO ICELAND

It's been more than six months since a massive leak first exposed vast networks of offshore financial dealings linked to a Panama-based law firm. But the reverberations of the so-called "Panama Papers" continue to show up in unlikely places. Pakistan's opposition party announced today that two of its supporters have died after police fired tear gas to stop protesters from marching to the capital Islamabad to demand the resignation of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. Driving the opposition's outrage are revelations from the leaked Panama documents that appear to show Sharif's family owned offshore holding companies. Opposition leader Imran Khan, a cricket hero turned politician, has vowed to send a million supporters to the city tomorrow to force Sharif to step down or agree to a corruption investigation.


In a starkly different corner of the globe, Iceland's Prime Minister Sigurdur Ingi Johannsson announced his resignation on Sunday. His Progressive Party was routed in a general election that had been scheduled after his predecessor was forced out after another series from the Panama leaks showed that he and his wife had stowed away millions offshore.


While it's indisputable that leaks from tiny Panama have shaken far-flung parts of the world, it remains to be seen which political players will gain from it. It's fitting that Iceland's Pirate Party, which saw strong gains in the election, was founded by activists, anarchists and former hackers. It's also true that Pakistani opposition leader Khan, who's calling for the graft inquiry, was himself forced to admit to using an offshore company to avoid paying tax on the sale of a London property.


WHAT TO LOOK FOR TODAY


IRAQI FORCES ENTER MOSUL

Iraqi troops have entered the outskirts of Mosul for the first time since the battle to retake the city from ISIS began just over two weeks ago. According to the BBC, Iraqi forces are "facing very stiff resistance."

RUSSIA, AN INCREASING THREAT TO THE UK

Russia is being "increasingly aggressive" and is prepared to use "propaganda, espionage, subversion and cyber-attacks" in order to "to push its foreign policy abroad," and especially across Europe and the UK, the director general of MI5 Andrew Parker told The Guardian.

FBI ACCELERATES EMAIL PROBE, ONE WEEK FROM ELECTION DAY

FBI investigators continue to sift through some 650,000 emails potentially linked to Hillary Clinton, and experts believe they will find any relevant material by election day, The Wall Street Journal reports. Meanwhile, other documents leaked by Wikileaks continue to damage the Democratic nominee, including information related to what The Hill describes as "Team Clinton's sordid financial dealings." The New York Times this morning reports that in the early 1990s, Donald Trump used a "legally dubious method" to avoid paying tax. For the latest state-by-state polls, check out this map, which shows Clinton holding on to a narrow lead.

ACTRESS: HITCHCOCK SEXUALLY ASSAULTED ME

Actress Tippi Hedren, famous for her role in The Birds, writes in her new memoir that she was sexually assaulted by director Alfred Hitchcock. "It was sexual, it was perverse, and it was ugly, and I couldn't have been more shocked and repulsed," the 86-year-old wrote.

VERBATIM

"Blessed are those who pray and work for full communion between Christians.." Pope Francis said at a Mass this morning on the second day of a historic trip to Sweden to seek reconciliation with Protestants. Next year will mark 500 years since Martin Luther nailed 95 theses on the church door in the town of Wittenberg, Germany, which set off the Reformation and led to the spread of Protestantism around the world and centuries of conflict with the Catholic Church. Read more from the Associated Press.

— ON THIS DAY

It's safe to assume a lot of people went "Wow" in the Sistine Chapel, 504 years ago. Find out why in your 57-second shot of history.

CHINA UNVEILS J-20 FIGHTER JET

China unveiled its fifth-generation J-20 fighter jets earlier today at the country's biggest air show in Zhuhai, where radar equipment and close to half of Chinese weapons systems were also on display, the South China Morning Post reports.

SOUTH KOREA PRESIDENT'S FRIEND DETAINED AMID SCANDAL

South Korean prosecutors have placed Choi Soon-sil, a close friend of President Park Geun-hye and the woman at the center of a massive influence-peddling scandal, under emergency detention, Yonhap reports. Opposition leaders are calling for Park's resignation.

OIL EXTRACTION LINKED TO CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKES

The deadly 1933 earthquake and other seismic events in the Los Angeles region in the early 20th century may have been caused by oil drilling, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey concluded in a report published yesterday. Read more from the Los Angeles Times.

— WORLDCRUNCH-TO-GO

How does a parapsychologist deal with people who say they've seen ghosts? That is the question Victoria Michalczak tries to answer in a disturbing, spooky piece for Süddeutsche Zeitung. "It's the summer of 2006, and Farnaz Azadi, a 16-year-old German-Iranian, heads on vacation with her boyfriend and his family to Portugal. One night, shortly before midnight, a friend of Azadi's screams in panic — she had heard footsteps in the corridor and the sound of a knock from her cupboard. Azadi's boyfriend searches the house for burglars but doesn't find anyone.

The following night, Azadi, whose name has been changed, experienced something she will never forget. She thinks about the incident a lot but rarely speaks about it. It was a "little traumatic," she recalls and recounts the tale: Azadi and her boyfriend had gone to bed and turned off the light. Her boyfriend had fallen asleep immediately. When Azadi turned around, she saw a dark figure standing next to her bed. She clearly sees its shape — the head, the neck, the shoulders. The figure could not be older than an eight-year-old. Azadi is certain it's not a shadow. And she faints."

Read the full article, Parapsychology, Serious Study Of The "Ghost" In Your Life.

— MY GRAND-PERE'S WORLD

Going North — Road to Mo i Rana, 1967

MORE STORIES, EXCLUSIVELY IN ENGLISH BY WORLDCRUNCH

THUNDERSTRUCK

Caitlín Nic Aoidh appeared to be hit by lightning and disappeared in a cloud of smoke live on TV, as she was presenting the weather forecast on an Irish news broadcast. Apparently Halloween has merged with April Fools' Day ...

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Green

Forest Networks? Revisiting The Science Of Trees And Funghi "Reaching Out"

A compelling story about how forest fungal networks communicate has garnered much public interest. Is any of it true?

Thomas Brail films the roots of a cut tree with his smartphone.

Arborist and conservationist Thomas Brail at a clearcutting near his hometown of Mazamet in the Tarn, France.

Melanie Jones, Jason Hoeksema, & Justine Karst

Over the past few years, a fascinating narrative about forests and fungi has captured the public imagination. It holds that the roots of neighboring trees can be connected by fungal filaments, forming massive underground networks that can span entire forests — a so-called wood-wide web. Through this web, the story goes, trees share carbon, water, and other nutrients, and even send chemical warnings of dangers such as insect attacks. The narrative — recounted in books, podcasts, TV series, documentaries, and news articles — has prompted some experts to rethink not only forest management but the relationships between self-interest and altruism in human society.

But is any of it true?

The three of us have studied forest fungi for our whole careers, and even we were surprised by some of the more extraordinary claims surfacing in the media about the wood-wide web. Thinking we had missed something, we thoroughly reviewed 26 field studies, including several of our own, that looked at the role fungal networks play in resource transfer in forests. What we found shows how easily confirmation bias, unchecked claims, and credulous news reporting can, over time, distort research findings beyond recognition. It should serve as a cautionary tale for scientists and journalists alike.

First, let’s be clear: Fungi do grow inside and on tree roots, forming a symbiosis called a mycorrhiza, or fungus-root. Mycorrhizae are essential for the normal growth of trees. Among other things, the fungi can take up from the soil, and transfer to the tree, nutrients that roots could not otherwise access. In return, fungi receive from the roots sugars they need to grow.

As fungal filaments spread out through forest soil, they will often, at least temporarily, physically connect the roots of two neighboring trees. The resulting system of interconnected tree roots is called a common mycorrhizal network, or CMN.

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