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Egypt

How Egypt's Revolution Was Hijacked By The Free Elections It Had Fought For

Essay: The old guard and Islamists are both manipulating the ideas and events of the Egyptian revolution. Revolutionaries themselves are squandering it with meaningless protests disconnected from the general population.

Tahrir square, June 2, 2012 (glichfield)
Tahrir square, June 2, 2012 (glichfield)
Issandr El Amrani*

CAIRO - Political discourse in Egypt at the best of times can be strange and full of empty talk. But some of the statements recently made by presidential candidate Ahmed Shafik and the media that support him are rather odd. In the lead-up to the runoff, we were treated to Shafik presenting himself as the candidate of the revolution who would usher Egypt into a bright future, while his rival represented "a return to the dark ages' and chaos.

He continued to present the Muslim Brotherhood as not just a group of religious fanatics that would take individual freedoms back decades — that attack is fairly standard — but as having been a part of the old regime. The irony appears to have been lost on the man who served the Hosni Mubarak regime for many years and was appointed prime minister in the last days of his presidency. Shafik now presents himself as the candidate of "national reconciliation."

Around a week ago, Al-Dostour — the once-feisty newspaper run by the courageous journalist Ibrahim Eissa until its owner, Wafd Party leader Al-Sayed al-Badawy, kicked him out — joined in the Brotherhood-bashing. The real murderers of the more than 853 protesters killed during the 2011 uprising, it said, were not security forces but Brotherhood death squads. That certainly seems to answer the question of who was actually responsible for the murders, since the court that sentenced Mubarak and ex-Interior Minister Habib al-Adly to prison for 25 years only found that they had failed to prevent the deaths, not that they had ordered them (and consequently let off all of the other security chiefs involved).

Shafik's rival, Mohamed Morsi of the Freedom and Justice Party (and, much more importantly, the Brotherhood candidate who has since claimed victory), has been having something of a makeover. Having been dubbed by the Brotherhood's supreme guide as a new Abu Bakr, the first caliph after the death of Prophet Mohamed, he recently tried to rally those who did not vote for him by saying he is the candidate of the revolution. This is certainly more credible than Shafik's claims, but one may ask where Morsi and his Brothers were last year when they remained largely silent as protesters were killed in Mohamed Mahmoud Street and cabinet clashes in November and December. The Brotherhood was largely happy to work with the ruling military council and other politically conservative forces.

Defining the Egyptian revolution

What's at stake in this back-and-forth — the political attacks, the outright lies, the wooing of the majority of the electorate that voted neither for Shafik nor Morsi — is nothing less than the privilege to define what the revolution was. The word has been cheapened in the last year, in more than one way, and means different things to different people now. The counter-revolutionary establishment Shafik represents wants the revolution to end with the overthrow of Mubarak. The Brotherhood sees the revolution's goal as implementing its "Renaissance Project." Without a doubt, there are many different versions of the revolution and many attempts to subvert it.

This may be unpopular to say, but a good part of the blame for the lack of a clear idea of what the revolution is lies with the revolutionaries themselves. ...

Read the full story at Al Masry Al Youm.

*Issandr El Amrani is a writer on Middle East affairs and a blogger at The Arabist.

Photo - glichfield

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Green

Environmental Degradation, The  Dirty Secret Ahead Of Turkey’s Election

Election day is approaching in Turkey. Unemployment, runaway inflation and eroding rule of law are top of mind for many. But one subject isn't getting the attention it deserves: the environment.

Photo of a man in a burnt forest in Turkey.

Post-fire rehabilitation of the forests in the Icmeler region of Marmaris, Mugla in Turkey, which burned down in the big wildfire in 2021.

Tolga Ildun/Zuma
İrfan Donat

ISTANBUL — A recent report from the Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion (TEMA) paints a grim picture of the country's environmental situation, which is getting worse across the board.

Soil is extremely fragile in Turkey, with 78.7% of the country at risk of severe to moderate desertification, mostly due to erosion, which costs Turkey 642 million tons of fertile soil annually. Erosion effects 39% of agricultural land and 54% of pasture land. Erosion of the most fertile top layers pushes farmers to use more fertilizer, TEMA says, which can in turn threaten food safety.

Nearly all of Turkey's food is grown in the country, but agricultural areas have shrunk to 23.1 million hectares in 2022, down from 27.5 in 1992 — a loss of almost 20%.

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