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This Happened

This Happened - April 18: An Earthquake Hits San Francisco

An earthquake hit San Francisco and its surrounding areas in California this day in 1906. The earthquake, which was caused by the movement of tectonic plates along the San Andreas Fault, was one of the most powerful in American history.

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How many people were killed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake?

The 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire caused widespread devastation and loss of life. More than 3,000 people were killed, and thousands more were injured. The earthquake also caused extensive damage to buildings and infrastructure in the city, and it resulted in the displacement of tens of thousands of people.

What was the cause of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake?

The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was caused by the movement of tectonic plates along the San Andreas Fault, a major geological feature in California. The fault runs for hundreds of miles along the coast of California and is known for producing large earthquakes.

How has the city of San Francisco changed since the 1906 earthquake?

Since the earthquake and fire, the city of San Francisco has undergone significant changes and development. The disaster prompted a massive rebuilding effort, and the city was quickly rebuilt with new buildings and infrastructure. Today, San Francisco is a major center of business, culture, and technology, with a thriving economy and diverse population. However, the threat of earthquakes and other natural disasters remains a concern, and the city continues to take steps to mitigate these risks.

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Green

The Unsustainable Future Of Fish Farming — On Vivid Display In Turkish Waters

Currently, 60% of Turkey's fish currently comes from cultivation, also known as fish farming, compared to just 10% two decades ago. The short-sightedness of this shift risks eliminating fishing output from both the farms and the open seas along Turkey's 5,200 miles of coastline.

Photograph of two fishermen throwing a net into the Tigris river in Turkey.

Traditional fishermen on the Tigris river, Turkey.

Dûrzan Cîrano/Wikimeidia
İrfan Donat

ISTANBUL — Turkey's annual fish production includes 515,000 tons from cultivation and 335,000 tons came from fishing in open waters. In other words, 60% of Turkey's fish currently comes from cultivation, also known as fish farming.

It's a radical shift from just 20 years ago when some 600,000 tons, or 90% of the total output, came from fishing. Now, researchers are warning the current system dominated by fish farming is ultimately unsustainable in the country with 8,333 kilometers (5,177 miles) long.

Professor Mustafa Sarı from the Maritime Studies Faculty of Bandırma 17 Eylül University believes urgent action is needed: “Why were we getting 600,000 tons of fish from the seas in the 2000’s and only 300,000 now? Where did the other 300,000 tons of fish go?”

Professor Sarı is challenging the argument from certain sectors of the industry that cultivation is the more sustainable approach. “Now we are feeding the fish that we cultivate at the farms with the fish that we catch from nature," he explained. "The fish types that we cultivate at the farms are sea bass, sea bram, trout and salmon, which are fed with artificial feed produced at fish-feed factories. All of these fish-feeds must have a significant amount of fish flour and fish oil in them.”

That fish flour and fish oil inevitably must come from the sea. "We have to get them from natural sources. We need to catch 5.7 kilogram of fish from the seas in order to cultivate a sea bream of 1 kg," Sarı said. "Therefore, we are feeding the fish to the fish. We cannot cultivate fish at the farms if the fish in nature becomes extinct. The natural fish need to be protected. The consequences would be severe if the current policy is continued.”

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