The Eternal Whims Of Economics, As Seen By Japanese Artist Murakami
The new ten portraits crudely pixelated, telling the chronological history of the economy over more than 3,000 years, were unveiled on June 10 at the Gagosian gallery of the Bourget, as part of the exhibition, “Understanding the New Cognitive Domain."
"During the pandemic, I spent more time in Kyoto, where my family lives, and I was surprised to see my daughter marvel at digital fireworks organized inside the Animal Crossing: New Horizons Nintendo game," says Murakami. “It was an extremely simple game — just dots, big pixels, nothing to do with the fineness of real fireworks, but my daughter thought it was gorgeous and it forced me to completely rethink our relationship to beauty in the digital era," he adds.
Dive into the metaverse
It was almost a complete reversal of values. “Now that I’m in the last phase of my life, I can work on these new forms,” says the 61-year-old artist, who dreads the decline that precedes death. His father, a former cab driver in Tokyo, discovered that he had Alzheimer's just before his 70th birthday. He died in 2021.
Murakami has been immersing himself, since 2020, in understanding the metaverse.
Affected by gout since the age of 36, Murakami tries to take care of his health: he quit smoking and only allows himself half an occasional half glass of wine.
Fascinated by digital technology, but feeling that he lacks the skills to venture into the design of a complex video game, Murakami has been immersing himself, since 2020, in understanding the metaverse. He worked with the studio RTFKT on CloneX images and launched, last year, his own NFT collection based on pixelated versions of his colorful and laughing flowers, one of his most iconic yet misunderstood works. Many are still for sale on the OpenSea platform, for 0.45 Ethereum (about €800).
Pixel metaphysics
In his new fresco, composed of personalities who each, in their time, disrupted economic history, he uses those same thick pixels to question the value of future artworks. “My portraits are gigantic but painted with huge dots, as if their definition was very low. When you’re right in front of them, the technique used can seem very basic, so almost without value compared to classical paintings," he says.
Today, finances are still tight.
“But the idea is precisely to create this blur, to suggest a questioning in order to share the experience I feel when faced with digital works," he says. It’s not about judging, but understanding. “With this work, I’m going back to the first research on the relationship between art and capitalism,” says the designer, who has never seen a distinction between work for intimate galleries and that for luxury or street wear, or between fine arts, popular art and merchandising, as long as it means we continue to create and invent.
“Being good in business is the most fascinating kind of art,” said Andy Warhol. Murakami doesn’t hesitate to present himself as the boss of an enterprise that has to support 200 employees every month. Three years ago, when the pandemic froze circulation and projects, he confided in his 2.5 million Instagram followers that he was on the verge of bankruptcy, and had to put an end to an expensive animated movie project. “Today, finances are still tight,” says the artist, despite having enjoyed a series of successes.
Sense of the Nonsense of Sense
A graduate of Tokyo's National University of Fine Arts and Music, where he studied nihonga (traditional Japanese painting) and wrote a thesis titled "The Sense of the Nonsense of Sense," Murakami made a name for himself in the small Japanese contemporary art scene in the 1990s. His unique style combines references to the great classical Japanese paintings, American pop culture and local codes of manga and anime.
Western audiences were quickly captivated. He collaborated for years with Louis Vuitton, creating works with Virgil Abloh and Pharrell Williams, designed skateboards for Supreme, sneakers for Vans and t-shirts for Uniqlo. Kanye West entrusted him with the direction of his music video "Good Morning,” while Billie Eilish chose him for "You Should See Me in a Crown.” Kim Kardashian and her children visited the studio again just a few days ago.
With his generous use of color and simple forms, he is often perceived by the general public as an artist of joy and carefreeness, even if his philosophy is much darker. "I'm from the same generation as Jeff Koons or Damien Hirst, but the big difference is that I come from a country that was defeated during World War II," explains Takashi Murakami, who says he is influenced by this period of Japanese history.
The "Superflat" theory
That influence comes not necessarily from the defeat of 1945, but rather the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by atomic bombs, as well as his nation's inability to reflect on its crimes during the conflict and, subsequently, on the powerless nature of its relationship with American power. "We accepted everything without debate," he notes.
Stifling any serious introspection, Japanese society and its artists and creators took refuge in unique forms of expression, such as the infantilizing aesthetics of kawaii — "cuteness" — and otaku subcultures.
The Japanese don't like what I do.
A kawaii icon created 50 years ago by Yuko Shimizu, the Hello Kitty character, who is depicted without a mouth or expressions, still earns tens of billions of yens every year for the Sanrio company. And millions of young otakus — "fans" or "geeks" — mostly men, still obsessively turn to indoor hobbies, like video games, anime, manga or the cult of ultra-sexualized young idols.
Over the past 30 years, Murakami has explored these exaggerations and incorporated them into his "Superflat" artistic theory, in which he combines the two-dimensional, or flat, characteristics of Japanese pictorial tradition and manga with the overall flattening of Japanese society, to create a world without depth or relief.
His laughing flowers? He designed them to satirize kawaii. His innocent Mr. Dob is a parody of Mickey Mouse and Doraemon, mocking the futility of consumer society. And his "My Lonesome Cowboy" sculpture of a naked boy ejaculating a cloud of semen, lassoed over his Dragon Ball Z haircut, questions the perversions and frustrations of certain otakus. It sold for $15 million at Sotheby's in New York in 2008. But it has been little appreciated by Japanese critics, who have never been very fond of Murakami. Moreover, he is rarely exhibited in his own country. "The Japanese don't like what I do," he regularly says.
Japanese resilience
But over the years, he has lost some of his sternness about Japanese society and its apparent indolence. The triple disaster of 2011, when a powerful earthquake triggered a tsunami and then the Fukushima catastrophe, turned his thinking and work upside down. He suddenly admired the resilience of the population.
"I now think that the country is faced with so many disasters, whether natural, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, or human, such as war, that the population has developed a mentality that enables it to face and accept with humility the realities that are imposed upon it," he elaborates. "Of course, there’s a sort of fatalism, but there's also a great deal of modesty," insists the artist, who underlines the weight of the Archipelago's very particular spirituality in this endurance. It's a sort of Buddhist-Shinto syncretism which, for certain events in life, does not disregard Catholic ceremonial.
Every day, I take breaks to work on my breathing and remobilize my concentration.
Raised by his parents in the Buddhist Soka Gakkai movement, he long despised religions, which he associated with useless cults, before rediscovering them in the wake of the 2011 tragedy as a necessary comfort. “The tens of thousands of victims needed to believe in another reality," he likes to explain.
But he did not become more religious himself. He had a feng shui master, but doesn't meditate. "Every day, however, I take breaks of a few minutes to work on my breathing and remobilize my concentration," he says. "After the disaster, I started a second phase of creation with much more spiritual and narrative themes, far away from the study of the relationship between art and capitalism as in my early years," he explains.
He then developed his monumental frescoes, such as "The 500 Arhats," named after Buddha's disciples who had reached the ultimate stage of the spiritual path to healing human suffering. By focusing today on immense paintings, on the very question of beauty and value of art, he feels he has completed his creative work.
“We've now come full circle," he murmurs, eyes closed.
