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INDIA TODAY
Weekly Indian English-language news magazine.
Jamida Beevi leading prayer
INDIA TODAY
Hannah Steinkopf-Frank

Women Imams Around The World Challenge Male-Dominated Islam

From France to China, these female worship leaders not only provide spiritual guidance but also encourage diversity and dispel stereotypes, from both within and outside of their community.

PARIS — Like most modern religions, Islam is dominated by men. Virtually every mosque in the world today is led by a male imam. And yet a quiet trend of more women imams — a practice that dates back centuries — is not only providing a different kind of spiritual guidance but also encouraging diversity and dispelling stereotypes, from both within and outside of the global Muslim community.

Examples include Dr. Amina Wadud, the first American woman imam and an early figure in modern Islamic feminism, and Sherin Khankan, the first woman to lead Muslim services in Denmark. Women have also made inroads within France's Islamic communities, to the point that in 2020, "there is nothing exceptional about being a woman imam," write imams Eva Janadin and Anne-Sophie Monsinay in a recent opinion piece for the French daily Le Monde.

As Janadin and Monsinay highlight in their piece, the existence of Muslim women leading prayer goes back centuries. Around the world, they have long been at the helm of women-only congregations. And now, there is an increasing movement, largely within progressive groups, of women imams promoting a more inclusive vision of Islam within mixed-gender religious spaces.

Making a difference in France: Neither Monsinay nor Janadin come from Muslim backgrounds, but turned to Islam as young adults. The two professors created the Voices of an Enlightened Islam movement in 2018 to promote studying Islam through a lens of "equality and freedom."

  • They created the Sîmorgh mosque project in 2019 to study the Quran from a contemporary perspective and not privilege the imam over the congregation members.

  • The mosque, which does not have a permanent space, draws a range of worshippers: an internal survey found that almost 70% of members are in mixed intercultural and interfaith unions. The movement stands out in a country where fear of Islamic terrorism and an insistence on secular values are used to target Muslims, particularly Muslim women and their use of headscarves.

  • But as Janadin and Monsinay argue in Le Monde, Islam isn't inherently sexist. The inequality that persists, they write, is "linked to the immobility of conservative and patriarchal mentalities that must be distinguished from spirituality."

Blazing a new trail in India: In January 2018, Jamida Beevi made history as the first Indian woman to lead a mixed congregation for the Jumu'ah (Friday) prayer in a public space.

  • Beevi is part of the Quran Sunnat Society, a group in the southwestern India state of Kerala aiming to bring reform to Muslim communities.

  • She has strived to live an independent life, going against tradition to divorce a man she was forced to marry and questioning orthodox doctrine. Despite having received death threats, she hopes to inspire other women.

  • "The Quran does not have any discrimination based on gender, all the fury is because of the wrong interpretations," she tells India Today. "The Quran does not entitle men as the lone leaders of Jumu'ah prayer. We have taken this initiative to send a strong message to the society that both men and women are equal in Islam."

Centuries-old tradition in China: Going as far back as the 18th century, women-only mosques evolved out of schools as a way to both educate women and preserve the country's Muslim community, which has a long history of being oppressed and assimilated. Most recently, Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang province have been interned and women forced to take birth control and be sterilized. Elsewhere in China, however, groups of Muslims have been able to practice freely, often because of their compliance with the government.

  • Both Islam and Christianity came to China in the 7th century. Henan, a central-eastern province in the Yellow River Valley, is home to many of these all-women mosques, with 16 located in the traditionally multifaith city of Kaifeng.

  • China is the only country in the world to have such a long practice of not only separate religious spaces for women but also women in charge of prayer. This is possibly because of its socialist history and isolation from religious changes in Islam globally during the 20th century.

  • "When our mothers were girls it was the only place where poor Muslim women could receive an education: the women did it together, women supporting women," a member of the Wangjia Alley mosque (built in 1820 in Kaifeng) tells the BBC.

Training to be mourchidat in Morocco: The North African Kingdom is the first country in the Middle East and North African region to provide government-sanctioned education for female religious leaders.

  • The program began in reaction to a 2003 terrorist attack in which 14 suicide bombers killed 33 civilians. Both men and women learn not only theology but also subjects such as history, philosophy and comparative religions. The program draws applicants from around Africa and Europe and places graduates in mosques around the country.

  • Since 2005, hundreds of women have been trained to work as mourchidat, female clerics who teach Islamic law and practice and counsel fellow women. The program has been criticized not only because it doesn't give women the same status as men, but also because it enforces government control over religious practice.

  • While they can't become imams, many women still find empowerment through their status: "Women are the heart of the family, it is they who shape behavior," Rabat-based mourchidat Ait Said tells Elle. ""The most important thing we do as mourchidat is transmit ideas to them, so that women can become the solution to problems. The men will follow.""

Palestinians celebrate the ceasefire in the streets of Gaza, after 11 days of open warfare with Israel.
BBC

The Latest: Israel-Gaza Ceasefire, Obama’s Thoughts On Trump, Farewell Internet Explorer

Welcome to Friday, where an Israeli-Hamas ceasefire is holding, we find out what Obama really thinks of Trump and cows help Thailand's vaccination drive. Also, Les Echos takes an inside visit to the remote "mines' turning out bitcoin cryptocurrency in China.

• Israel-Gaza ceasefire holding: An Egyptian-mediated truce between Israel and Hamas began late Friday after 11 days of the worst violence in years, which killed 232 Palestinians and 12 Israelis. By early afternoon local time in the Middle East, there were no reports of violations of the ceasefire.

• Biden signs bill to stop Asian hate: U.S. President Joe Biden signs a bill aimed at stemming the rising number of anti-Asian crimes, increasingly related to the COVID-19 pandemic. According to associations, more than 6,600 cases of anti-Asian violence were reported within the past year.

• African Union demands "democratic transition" in Chad: The African Union has called for a "democratic transition" within 18 months in Chad, where a military government has been in power after former President Idriss Deby was killed by rebels on the frontline in April.

• Prince William accuses BBC over controversial interview: Britain's Duke of Cambridge has blamed the BBC for deceiving his late mother, Princess Diana, and poisoning her relationship with Prince Charles.

• Europe wants to build GPS-like system for the Moon: The European Space Agency has proposed that the same type of navigation system used on Earth be deployed at the Moon, to enable astronauts and spacecraft to precisely know where they are and where to land.

• Farewell to Internet Explorer: Microsoft's Internet Explorer will be retired next year after more than 26 years of service. It will be replaced by the newer, faster and more secure Microsoft Edge browser.

• Cattle for raffle to boost Thai vaccination: In a northern district of Thailand, a raffle campaign for vaccinated residents to win a live cow per week for the rest of the year to boost COVID-19 vaccination drive.

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Inter Milan supporters are celebrating outside the Duomo di Milano after the Italian soccer team won the Serie A title for the first time in 11 years, ending Juventus’ nine-year reign in Italy.
BBC

The Latest: India Gets Worse, Vaccinated Tourists, Oscar Winners

Welcome to Monday, where India reels from COVID surge, at least 82 die in Iraq hospital fire, and the Academy Awards go to … We also have Le Monde reporting from Azerbaijan about allegations that the government is using a new, more intrusive form of scare tactics.

• India's coronavirus situation worsens: Several nations have pledged to send urgent medical aid to India, where COVID-19 appears to be spiraling out of control. The country hit another record for the fifth day in a row, rising to 352,991. Political tensions are also growing as the Indian government has asked social media platform Twitter to remove tweets that denounced the government's handling of the crisis.

• Fire kills 82 in Iraqi COVID-19 hospital: At least 82 people were killed by a fire in the coronavirus intensive care unit of a hospital in the Iraqi capital of Bagdad. The health minister has been suspended by Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhemi and three days of national mourning has been declared.

• Myanmar activists call for non-cooperation campaign: Pro-democracy activists have called on people to stop paying electricity bills and agricultural loans and to keep their children away from school, in another move to oppose Myanmar's military junta. On Saturday, leaders from nine Southeast Asian countries called for an immediate end to the violence in Myanmar.

• EU to allow U.S. vaccinated tourists this summer: U.S. tourists vaccinated against COVID-19 will be allowed to visit European countries next summer, European Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen said in an interview with The New York Times.

• Indonesian navy submarine found, no survivors: The KRI Nanggala navy submarine that disappeared last Wednesday has been found split into three pieces on the sea bed and none of the 53 passengers survived.

• Academy Awards 2021: The 93rd Academy Awards was held virtually and in-person due to the ongoing pandemic. Chloé Zhao made history as the first woman of color and second woman to win best director while her film Nomadland also won best picture. The movie's star Frances McDormand won best actress, while Anthony Hopkins claimed best actor for his role in The Father.

• A dog's day: The Central Asian nation of Turkmenistan has a new national holiday dedicated to a breed of dog, the Alabay. The native variety of shepherd dog was honored Sunday and will be so annually in the former Soviet Republic, as a source of national pride and the best friend of a certain breed of mammal always looking for a reason for a party and a day off from work.

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