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In The News

Ukraine War, Phase 2: The Battle For Donbas Begins

A Ukrainian soldier in front of a garage on fire.

A Ukrainian soldier walks in front of a burning garage in Kharkiv, which was hit by Russian strikes, killing at least three people on Monday, as Moscow is launching a new offensive in Ukraine’s eastern Donbas.

Lisa Berdet, Emma Albright and Anne-Sophie Goninet

👋 Moien!*

Welcome to Tuesday, where the battle for Donbas begins, tensions are rising in Gaza after Israel’s airstrike and Biden’s mask mandate for air travel is struck down. Meanwhile, Ukrainian journalist Anna Akage zeroes in on the strategic significance of the city of Mariupol in this second phase of the Ukraine war.


[*Luxembourgish]

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🌎  7 THINGS TO KNOW RIGHT NOW

All eyes on Donbas: “The battle for the Donbas has begun,” Ukrainian president Volodymir Zelensky stated in a video Monday. Russia has launched an assault to seize the Eastern Donbas region bombarding cities with rockets and artillery fire to pave the way for a full ground assault.

No civilian evacuation in Ukraine:For the third day in a row, Ukraine and Russia fail to agree on the establishment of humanitarian corridors to safely evacuate civilians trapped in multiple besieged cities and towns.

No more masks on airlines:A federal judge in Florida has called the Biden administration’s mask mandate for public transportation unlawful. The U.S. transit authority now no longer enforces mask wearing. White House press secretary Jen Psaki noted that the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) still recommends travelers use a mask.

Israel strikes Gaza: Tensions are rising as Israel warplanes launched an attack on Gaza, targeting a weapons manufacturing site belonging to Hamas. According to sources in Gaza, there are no casualties. This attack comes after a weekend of violence near Jerusalem’s al-Aqsa mosque compound.

Kabul high school blast: Three explosions in a high school in the Afghan capital, killing six people and injuring 11. The residents living in the neighborhood belong to the Shia Hazara community, an ethnic and religious minority frequently targeted by Sunni terrorist groups. No one has taken responsibility for the attack.

More COVID-19 casualties in Shanghai: Shanghai has reported another seven deaths due to COVID-19 as well as more than 20,000 news cases. The death toll appears relatively low compared to the number of cases that have risen in the city and by the official count, no one has died until this Sunday.

Egypt TikTok star gets reduced sentence: In 2021, TikTok influencer Haneen Hossam was convicted of “human trafficking” after telling her followers that women could make money by working with her on social media. She was first sentenced to prison for 10 years but an Egyptian court has reduced her sentence to three years and a $10,000 fine.

🗞️  FRONT PAGE

Dutch daily De Volkskrant dedicates its front page to the Ukrainian village of Yahidne, between Kyiv in Chernihiv, whose inhabitants had been hiding in the basement of the village school for almost a month. Now that Russian troops are gone, the villagers have started digging to search for missing relatives.

#️⃣  BY THE NUMBERS

254

According to Equilar, the 100 highest-paid CEOs in the United States have made 254 times more than the average worker in 2021, up from 238 times in 2020. That represents a 31% pay increase for the top CEOs, who earned a median of $20 million. For comparison, these companies’ workers increased their salary by roughly 4% on average.

📰  STORY OF THE DAY

Why conquering Mariupol is key to Russia’s Donbas strategy

Mariupol has become the symbol of that total war approach that will now be carried out in Donbas. The bloody siege of Mariupol is a sign of how Putin intends to carry out his quest for the entire nation. A news analysis by Anna Akage.

💥 On Monday the Russians began dropping multi-ton bombs on of the largest shelters tucked in the basements of a steel plant where 1,000 people are believed to be hiding. The seizing of the Mariupol port is coupled with the start of a major land assault across the territory of Donbas.

🎯 Even though Donbas has significant natural resources, commercial access to ports and is economically attractive for Russia, Vladimir Putin is mainly looking for a victory built on ideology.

There is no better way to understand this than looking at Mariupol: a city resists, so Putin's objective is to annihilate it in its current form.

⏩ There is no reason to think that a man like Putin can accept defeat. He will press Ukraine by all means, and right now that's playing out in Mariupol and the rest of Donbas. The city is nearly dead, the fate of the rest of the region may depend on how and when the death of Mariupol will arrive.

➡️ Read more on Worldcrunch.com

📣 VERBATIM

The strategy of the economic blitz has failed.

— While Russian troops are trying to take control of Donbas, Russian President Vladimir Putin said on Monday that “The strategy of the economic blitz has failed”, minimizing Western sanctions imposed on Russia. He added that these sanctions are mostly deteriorating European economic situation and increasing global unemployment and inflation. It has not led to the end of the war, as expected by Western countries.

✍️ Newsletter by Lisa Berdet, Emma Albright and Anne-Sophie Goninet


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Green

Forest Networks? Revisiting The Science Of Trees And Funghi "Reaching Out"

A compelling story about how forest fungal networks communicate has garnered much public interest. Is any of it true?

Thomas Brail films the roots of a cut tree with his smartphone.

Arborist and conservationist Thomas Brail at a clearcutting near his hometown of Mazamet in the Tarn, France.

Melanie Jones, Jason Hoeksema, & Justine Karst

Over the past few years, a fascinating narrative about forests and fungi has captured the public imagination. It holds that the roots of neighboring trees can be connected by fungal filaments, forming massive underground networks that can span entire forests — a so-called wood-wide web. Through this web, the story goes, trees share carbon, water, and other nutrients, and even send chemical warnings of dangers such as insect attacks. The narrative — recounted in books, podcasts, TV series, documentaries, and news articles — has prompted some experts to rethink not only forest management but the relationships between self-interest and altruism in human society.

But is any of it true?

The three of us have studied forest fungi for our whole careers, and even we were surprised by some of the more extraordinary claims surfacing in the media about the wood-wide web. Thinking we had missed something, we thoroughly reviewed 26 field studies, including several of our own, that looked at the role fungal networks play in resource transfer in forests. What we found shows how easily confirmation bias, unchecked claims, and credulous news reporting can, over time, distort research findings beyond recognition. It should serve as a cautionary tale for scientists and journalists alike.

First, let’s be clear: Fungi do grow inside and on tree roots, forming a symbiosis called a mycorrhiza, or fungus-root. Mycorrhizae are essential for the normal growth of trees. Among other things, the fungi can take up from the soil, and transfer to the tree, nutrients that roots could not otherwise access. In return, fungi receive from the roots sugars they need to grow.

As fungal filaments spread out through forest soil, they will often, at least temporarily, physically connect the roots of two neighboring trees. The resulting system of interconnected tree roots is called a common mycorrhizal network, or CMN.

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