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food / travel

Summer Invasions And An Italian Jellyfish Horror Video

Screenshot of "Filicudi, l'invasione delle meduse"
Screenshot of "Filicudi, l'invasione delle meduse"
Gabriele Martini

FILICUDI — The most-hated man right now on the Aeolian islands wasn't looking for trouble.

A die-hard lover of deep-sea fishing and diving, Dario Lopes, 53, has taken and posted various videos of jellyfish in recent years. But then one clip, shot off the coast of the island of Filicudi, went viral around Italy.

"It was on June 2, I had been fishing and I had my underwater camera with me," Lopes recalls. "I found myself in the middle of thousands of them. It was a breathtaking spectacle."

The images from the video are certainly impressive: Throngs of sea-creatures were lulled from sea currents to just a few meters from the island’s coastline. This bloom of jellyfish was in full reproductive mode too.

After Lopes’ video made the rounds on the Internet, La Stampa spoke to Ferdinando Boero, professor of Zoology at the University of Salento, who calmly explained what was happening, though certain media sources who transmitted the images certainly did not skimp on words like "dangerous," "invasion," and "emergency."

It is not surprising that tourists have abandoned the island, leaving the locals furious.


Lopes is bitter about the entire situation because, "the mayor was so angry. So was the President of the Hotel Association. But all I did was post the umpteenth video on my YouTube channel that documents my life in the sea."

What invasion?

Filicudi has 270 inhabitants, four restaurants (open for the summer season only), three pebble beaches, some caper plants, and one extinct volcano.The sea surrounds the island like a blue table, and it’s here that the supposed island invasion is taking place. However, diving into the waters of the Pecorini Sea — where Lopes’ video was filmed — you won’t find very many jellyfish at all.

Summer's Public Enemy No. 1 in these parts is called the Pelagia noctiluca: Violet-colored, its umbrella mass is around ten centimeters and has long transparent tentacles. If it stings you, it leaves a searing memory.

Biophysicist Monica Francesca Blasi has left her chaotic life in Rome to come to study the turtle and dolphin populations in the Aeolian islands. "Jellyfish? They have always been here," she says. "It is true that in that video there were a lot, but that happens every year between April and May. They come from the deep and for a day, they fill the sea. Then, just as fast as they appear, they disappear back into the Tyrrhenian Sea."

No emergency then, at least on the islands. This archipelago is one of the reproduction centers for the species, unable to avoid strong water currents that can subsequently send them drifting anywhere. Those jellyfish in that video may now be in Ostia, near Rome on the mainland, or as far up as the island of Elba off the Tuscan coast.

What about the tourists?

Granted, June's weather wasn't its usual sunny self — but could it really be that vacationers are also fleeing from jellyfish that aren’t even there? "Dozens of families have called and many decided to cancel their reservations," confirms the receptionist at Hotel Phenicusa in Filicudi.

A plumber in winter and taxi-driver in summer, Pietro is waiting on the pier for the ferry to arrive. Two people get off. His face is sun-burnt, and a bit dejected: "This year, nobody has come."

Nearby, a man with reddish hair and an epic Homeric beard who was born on the island 30 years ago, is gazing out at the sea. "When we were kids and we went swimming, we believed that being touched by a jellyfish was good luck. Back then, we were more than happy. Then, the rich people came and then, all of a sudden, we discovered we were poor."

He laughs out loud, then suddenly becomes serious again. "The most beautiful season here is the fall. The tourists leave, the colors change and Filicudi becomes wild again." A final goodbye, and the man goes back to watching the sea.

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Green

Forest Networks? Revisiting The Science Of Trees And Funghi "Reaching Out"

A compelling story about how forest fungal networks communicate has garnered much public interest. Is any of it true?

Thomas Brail films the roots of a cut tree with his smartphone.

Arborist and conservationist Thomas Brail at a clearcutting near his hometown of Mazamet in the Tarn, France.

Melanie Jones, Jason Hoeksema, & Justine Karst

Over the past few years, a fascinating narrative about forests and fungi has captured the public imagination. It holds that the roots of neighboring trees can be connected by fungal filaments, forming massive underground networks that can span entire forests — a so-called wood-wide web. Through this web, the story goes, trees share carbon, water, and other nutrients, and even send chemical warnings of dangers such as insect attacks. The narrative — recounted in books, podcasts, TV series, documentaries, and news articles — has prompted some experts to rethink not only forest management but the relationships between self-interest and altruism in human society.

But is any of it true?

The three of us have studied forest fungi for our whole careers, and even we were surprised by some of the more extraordinary claims surfacing in the media about the wood-wide web. Thinking we had missed something, we thoroughly reviewed 26 field studies, including several of our own, that looked at the role fungal networks play in resource transfer in forests. What we found shows how easily confirmation bias, unchecked claims, and credulous news reporting can, over time, distort research findings beyond recognition. It should serve as a cautionary tale for scientists and journalists alike.

First, let’s be clear: Fungi do grow inside and on tree roots, forming a symbiosis called a mycorrhiza, or fungus-root. Mycorrhizae are essential for the normal growth of trees. Among other things, the fungi can take up from the soil, and transfer to the tree, nutrients that roots could not otherwise access. In return, fungi receive from the roots sugars they need to grow.

As fungal filaments spread out through forest soil, they will often, at least temporarily, physically connect the roots of two neighboring trees. The resulting system of interconnected tree roots is called a common mycorrhizal network, or CMN.

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