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Switzerland

Zurich Looking To Tidy Up Prostitution With New Zoning, 'Sex Boxes'

Switzerland's largest city is hoping to get a better handle on its growing sex worker population. Under proposed regulations, prostitution would remain legal, but only in designated areas -- including one equipped with new stalls for taking care

Sex advertisement in a Zurich train station
Sex advertisement in a Zurich train station
Tina Fassbind

ZURICH - Local officials have decided that this city's expanding legal sex industry needs to be better organized. Zurich municipal authorities have proposed a series of changes to existing prostitution regulations that would allow prostitutes to continue plying their trade, but only in three specific zones -- including one equipped with new "booths' to welcome their clients

The proposed measures, which need City Council approval, include forbidding street prostitution along the Sihlquai riverbank and in the busy Langstrasse area. In exchange, the activity will be allowed between Aargauerstrasse and Würzgrabenstrasse, outside the city center, where booths will be built to accomodate sex workers and their customers.

Street prostitutes will still be allowed to work the city's pedestrian nightlife area, the centrally-located Niederdorf, and solicit vehicle-driving clients in Allmend Brunau. The Zurich City Council expects the new laws will go into effect Jan. 1, 2012.

Presenting the new measures to the media at a Town Hall press conference on May 25 were three of Zurich's nine city councilors: Claudia Nielsen, Daniel Leupi, and Martin Waser, who respectively are responsible for policy on health and environment, the police, and social issues.

Leupi explained that the City Council's goal in introducing the measures was to combat human trafficking, offer appropriate response to victims, minimize the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and protect both sex workers and the population at large from violence.

Councilor Waser explained that at peak hours, when up to 120 sex workers can operate at the same time, street solicitation can be a real disturbance to ordinary people – thus the need to channel the activity to designated areas.

According to Nielsen, in 2010, the number of female sex workers in Zurich City increased significantly over recent years, with many of the new workers arriving from Hungary. Nielsen said that the increase in the number of workers also increases pimping and human trafficking risks. The new measures, she explained, are not so much anti-prostitution as anti-trafficking.

As sex workers often don't have information about their rights, Nielsen added, the Council is looking to advise prostitutes by establishing direct lines of communication. Once the new regulations are in place, sex workers – whether or not they work the streets – will also need to obtain licenses.

Introducing: "sex boxes'

Other developments include creating a special commission on which representatives of local NGOS will also sit, and measures to insure that resources are allocated as effectively as possible.

The Council plans initially to build 10 booths, popularly known as "sex boxes," in Altstetten, with more to be built if the amount of activity warrants it. Resources presently allocated to Sihlquai will be switched to the new area, so the only additional costs anticipated of 2.4 million Swiss francs ($2.8 million) will be those of constructing the boxes.

The new Altstetten prostitution area will be easy to monitor, control, and protect, council members say. It will be operated and maintained by social services. Residents of the area have been informed of the plan. Plans for the design and construction of the sex boxes, scheduled to be ready by the spring of 2012, are already underway.

Read the original article in German

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Green

Forest Networks? Revisiting The Science Of Trees And Funghi "Reaching Out"

A compelling story about how forest fungal networks communicate has garnered much public interest. Is any of it true?

Thomas Brail films the roots of a cut tree with his smartphone.

Arborist and conservationist Thomas Brail at a clearcutting near his hometown of Mazamet in the Tarn, France.

Melanie Jones, Jason Hoeksema, & Justine Karst

Over the past few years, a fascinating narrative about forests and fungi has captured the public imagination. It holds that the roots of neighboring trees can be connected by fungal filaments, forming massive underground networks that can span entire forests — a so-called wood-wide web. Through this web, the story goes, trees share carbon, water, and other nutrients, and even send chemical warnings of dangers such as insect attacks. The narrative — recounted in books, podcasts, TV series, documentaries, and news articles — has prompted some experts to rethink not only forest management but the relationships between self-interest and altruism in human society.

But is any of it true?

The three of us have studied forest fungi for our whole careers, and even we were surprised by some of the more extraordinary claims surfacing in the media about the wood-wide web. Thinking we had missed something, we thoroughly reviewed 26 field studies, including several of our own, that looked at the role fungal networks play in resource transfer in forests. What we found shows how easily confirmation bias, unchecked claims, and credulous news reporting can, over time, distort research findings beyond recognition. It should serve as a cautionary tale for scientists and journalists alike.

First, let’s be clear: Fungi do grow inside and on tree roots, forming a symbiosis called a mycorrhiza, or fungus-root. Mycorrhizae are essential for the normal growth of trees. Among other things, the fungi can take up from the soil, and transfer to the tree, nutrients that roots could not otherwise access. In return, fungi receive from the roots sugars they need to grow.

As fungal filaments spread out through forest soil, they will often, at least temporarily, physically connect the roots of two neighboring trees. The resulting system of interconnected tree roots is called a common mycorrhizal network, or CMN.

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