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Society

Pandemic Postcard: Nearly Alone As A Paris Museum Reopens

The Musee d'Orsay reopened to the public in Paris in June
The Musee d'Orsay reopened to the public in Paris in June
Hannah Steinkopf-Frank

PARIS — Growing up in Chicago, one of my favorite books was From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler, the story of a brother and sister who run away to live in New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art. Even as a kid, I could sense what a rare treat it could be to spend such quiet, intimate time with artistic masterpieces.

Little did I know that years later, and even farther from home, I would have my own experience of a (nearly) solitary visit inside one of the world's great museums. It happened here in Paris, where I was among the first to line up on a recent Saturday at the Musée d'Orsay after the end of the months-long COVID-19 lockdown.

A friend and I woke up early to visit the Beaux-Arts train station that houses the greatest collection of Impressionist and post-Impressionist masterpieces in the world. I first visited Orsay when I was 9, and despite my young age (and limited attention span), I was awed by the looming structure and large glass clocks that frame a picturesque view of Paris, from the Seine up to the hill of Montmartre.

Escaping confines of personal space revives a new appreciation for things we once took for granted.

It still feels strange to be back in public areas after months in cramped Parisian living quarters. But escaping those confines of personal space revives a new appreciation for things we once took for granted: the first espresso out at a cafe along the Canal Saint Martin or the overpriced bottle of rosé shared with friends at a restaurant in the Bois de Boulogne, a forested park just outside the city limits.

Alone with the paintings — Photo: Gao Jing/Xinhua/ZUMA

Of course, even strong coffee and pink wine pale in comparison to being alone in front of a Vincent Van Gogh self-portrait with the painter surrounded by swirling shades of green and blue, or taking my time in front of Claude Monet's misty interpretation of the Westminster Palace in London.

Art for many is a form of escapism, even more so when it depicts scenes that feel laughably impossible in the current moment. I spent a long while taking in Pierre-Auguste Renoir's famous Bal du Moulin de la Galette, depicting a crowded and lively courtyard in Montmartre with a swarms of festive Parisians squeezed so closely together they'd make any epidemiologist shudder.

I was also drawn to works that most closely connected to our current reality: Monet's Camille Sur Son Lit de Mort shows the painter's wife on her deathbed at the age of 32, after suffering from a long illness. The long brush strokes make it appear that she is physically connected to her final resting place, somewhere between this world and whatever comes after.

I've been thinking a lot about how artists across mediums will capture this current moment of immeasurable global suffering and incertitude. I'd watched online over the past months as so many have drawn creativity out of the limitations of being stuck at home: from the nature photographer who staged fantastic outdoor scenes with household objects to the exiled Chinese artist Ai Weiwei who beautified thousands of art face masks to raise money for COVID-19 victims.

I don't know how these timely pieces will be gathered or displayed, or what place they may or may not have in some museum in the future. But back in the half-empty Musée d'Orsay, one moment stuck with me for how familiar yet strange it felt. A French mother asked her two teenage sons to pose for a photo in front of one of Monet's iconic water lilies. The two boys begrudgingly obliged, framing the painting with their raised arms. Seemingly satisfied with the shot, the mother paused then asked them to repeat the pose, this time with their masks removed. Clearly, some memories will be better left forgotten.

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Green

Forest Networks? Revisiting The Science Of Trees And Funghi "Reaching Out"

A compelling story about how forest fungal networks communicate has garnered much public interest. Is any of it true?

Thomas Brail films the roots of a cut tree with his smartphone.

Arborist and conservationist Thomas Brail at a clearcutting near his hometown of Mazamet in the Tarn, France.

Melanie Jones, Jason Hoeksema, & Justine Karst

Over the past few years, a fascinating narrative about forests and fungi has captured the public imagination. It holds that the roots of neighboring trees can be connected by fungal filaments, forming massive underground networks that can span entire forests — a so-called wood-wide web. Through this web, the story goes, trees share carbon, water, and other nutrients, and even send chemical warnings of dangers such as insect attacks. The narrative — recounted in books, podcasts, TV series, documentaries, and news articles — has prompted some experts to rethink not only forest management but the relationships between self-interest and altruism in human society.

But is any of it true?

The three of us have studied forest fungi for our whole careers, and even we were surprised by some of the more extraordinary claims surfacing in the media about the wood-wide web. Thinking we had missed something, we thoroughly reviewed 26 field studies, including several of our own, that looked at the role fungal networks play in resource transfer in forests. What we found shows how easily confirmation bias, unchecked claims, and credulous news reporting can, over time, distort research findings beyond recognition. It should serve as a cautionary tale for scientists and journalists alike.

First, let’s be clear: Fungi do grow inside and on tree roots, forming a symbiosis called a mycorrhiza, or fungus-root. Mycorrhizae are essential for the normal growth of trees. Among other things, the fungi can take up from the soil, and transfer to the tree, nutrients that roots could not otherwise access. In return, fungi receive from the roots sugars they need to grow.

As fungal filaments spread out through forest soil, they will often, at least temporarily, physically connect the roots of two neighboring trees. The resulting system of interconnected tree roots is called a common mycorrhizal network, or CMN.

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