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Italy

Italian Cruise Captain Adds To Long History Of Weak Apologies

CANALE 5, LA STAMPA, WASHINGTON POST, TV5 MONDE, AP

Worldcrunch

The hardest part is having to say your sorry. No, actually, the hardest part is taking the blame. Sometimes, depending on the subtleties of the language in question, these are two very different things. We have been reminded of that again with the television interview this week of Italian cruise ship captain Francesco Schettino. Here's a quick rundown of some weak, WEAK attempts over the years at fessin" up...

- July 2012: Former Costa Concordia captain Francesco Schettino on his cruise catastrophe:

Captain Schettino became a reviled figure around the world after his role in the cruise ship disaster that killed 25 people off the coast of Italy in January. There were conflicting reports as to whether he was hot-dogging too close to shore to impress friends on the island of Giglio. He also left his command post well before all the passengers were evacuated.

In an interview on Italian television on Tuesday (see video below in Italian), Schettino said he was sorry for the victims, but defended his actions. "This was a banal accident where there was a breakdown in the interaction between human beings," he said "It created misunderstandings which explains why there is so much anger." He then attempted to pin the blame on a junior officer. Prosecutors told La Stampa daily that Schettino's version of events contained "embarrassing" lies.

- June 2012: Argentine tennis player David Nalbandian after kicking a line judge:

Tennis fans witnessed an unusual scene at the Queen's Club AEGON Championships last June in London when Argentine player David Nalbandian kicked a linesman in frustration during a game against Marin Cilic (see first video below). He was disqualified - and later fined, according to the Washington Post - but his apology after the game came grudgingly: he blamed the Association of Tennis Professionals for his anger (see second video below).

- 2011: Ex-IMF director Dominique Strauss-Kahn following allegations of rape in New York:

The French economist and politician was at the center of a storm in the summer of 2011 after he was arrested in New York for alleged rape. Charges were eventually dropped but his political career was over, and new allegations surfaced after his return to France in September 2011, when he gave a largely awaited interview on French television. His performance came under major fire (see video below in French) and was perceived as insincere. He said he had made a "moral mistake" but denied any violent or forced relations and insinuated that his political enemies may have played some role in events.

- 2002: The Catholic Curch in the American sexual abuse scandal:

It took a decade for the first Catholic Church official to be criminally convicted in the sex abuse scandal, the Associated Press recently reported, a slowness that helps explain why Cardinal Bernard Law's apology in 2002 for the Father Geoghan case was so important. But victims weren't satisfied at the time (see video below at 3:14), neither with the form of apology nor the Cardinal's continuing career at the Vatican.

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Green

Forest Networks? Revisiting The Science Of Trees And Funghi "Reaching Out"

A compelling story about how forest fungal networks communicate has garnered much public interest. Is any of it true?

Thomas Brail films the roots of a cut tree with his smartphone.

Arborist and conservationist Thomas Brail at a clearcutting near his hometown of Mazamet in the Tarn, France.

Melanie Jones, Jason Hoeksema, & Justine Karst

Over the past few years, a fascinating narrative about forests and fungi has captured the public imagination. It holds that the roots of neighboring trees can be connected by fungal filaments, forming massive underground networks that can span entire forests — a so-called wood-wide web. Through this web, the story goes, trees share carbon, water, and other nutrients, and even send chemical warnings of dangers such as insect attacks. The narrative — recounted in books, podcasts, TV series, documentaries, and news articles — has prompted some experts to rethink not only forest management but the relationships between self-interest and altruism in human society.

But is any of it true?

The three of us have studied forest fungi for our whole careers, and even we were surprised by some of the more extraordinary claims surfacing in the media about the wood-wide web. Thinking we had missed something, we thoroughly reviewed 26 field studies, including several of our own, that looked at the role fungal networks play in resource transfer in forests. What we found shows how easily confirmation bias, unchecked claims, and credulous news reporting can, over time, distort research findings beyond recognition. It should serve as a cautionary tale for scientists and journalists alike.

First, let’s be clear: Fungi do grow inside and on tree roots, forming a symbiosis called a mycorrhiza, or fungus-root. Mycorrhizae are essential for the normal growth of trees. Among other things, the fungi can take up from the soil, and transfer to the tree, nutrients that roots could not otherwise access. In return, fungi receive from the roots sugars they need to grow.

As fungal filaments spread out through forest soil, they will often, at least temporarily, physically connect the roots of two neighboring trees. The resulting system of interconnected tree roots is called a common mycorrhizal network, or CMN.

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