At Thailand-Laos Border, A Shadow Economy Thrives
The most powerful is Zhao Wei, who obtained a 99-year concession on 10,000 hectares of land in Bokeo from the Laotian government in 2007. That land was ambitiously transformed into a small village on the banks of the Mekong, replete with luxury hotels, shopping malls, restaurants, golf courses, spas, and casinos — everything that was to become the Ton Pheung SEZ.
While nominally under the control of the government in Vientiane, everyone in Ton Pheung speaks Mandarin. Clocks are set to Beijing time and almost no one accepts the Laotian kip as currency, preferring the Chinese yuan instead. Rice paddies give way to 15-story condominiums and SUVs are increasingly common on the empty streets.
The main attraction is the Kings Roman Casino, which is decorated with Greco-Roman statues and ceilings painted with neoclassical scenes. Chinese citizens fill the gambling halls, bringing piles of banknotes and clouds of cigarette smoke. Gambling is banned in China outside of Macau, so Chinese tourists flock to this corner of Laos for slot machines, online betting, and other casino games.
A set of pool tables in the food court are among the many gaming options at Kings Roman Casino in Ton Pheung — Photo: Prince Roy/ZUMA
On paper, Zhao's project promised to raise living standards and spur economic development in this small, impoverished country. But while hundreds of millions of dollars in investment flooded into this remote northwestern province, there's been little benefit for locals.
"We aim to improve living standards and economic conditions for locals," says Ye Jiankun of Golden Kapok Group, a Hong Kong-based company also owned by Zhao.
In reality, most of the new shops in town are still shuttered and almost all of the workers are Chinese. Zhou Ye recently arrived from the southern Chinese province of Guangdong and opened a restaurant near a Confucius statue, located in a part of town modeled after a traditional Chinese city.
"It's true that there are very few visitors, but soon this zone will become a major tourist attraction for Thailand and southern China," says Zhou. "There's a good business climate, and improved services, security and infrastructure for tourists. Plus you can use the evocative brand of the Golden Triangle."
Shady dealings
Not everyone, though, is so enthusiastic about Zhao Wei and his many business ventures. In January, the U.S. Department of the Treasury announced sanctions against the Chinese investor and listed Kings Roman, Golden Kapok, and other Zhao-linked entities as transnational criminal organizations charged with "horrendous illicit activities' including drug trafficking, money laundering, corruption, human trafficking, and trafficking of exotic animals.
While hundreds of millions of dollars in investment flooded into this remote northwestern province, there's been little benefit for locals.
The Kings Roman casino is the alleged nerve center of Zhao's operation, serving as a storage and transit hub for the trade in heroin and methamphetamines.
For his part, Ye Jiankun denies any connection to illegal activities. "There is a program underway to provide farmers with an economic alternative to cultivating opium," he says.
The Kings Roman Casino in Ton Pheung has been accused of being the site of multiple crimes including trafficking in drugs, humans, and animals — Photo: Thanate Tan
Little is known about Zhao himself. He was born 65 years ago in Heilongjiang province in northeastern China, going on to invest in Macau and the Burmese border town of Mong La in the 1990s. Like Ton Pheung today, Mong La became a hub for local drug lords seeking to launder their illicit money by financing a flourishing gambling industry. Zhao can count on a solid network of friends and relationships in Vientiane, and a brochure for the Kings Roman proudly displays a visit by the ex-Laotian leader Choummaly Sayasone.
Beyond its position in the Golden Triangle, Ton Pheung has emerged as a regional center for the sex trafficking of minors and the trade in exotic animals, including tigers, moon bears, pangolins and elephants. Also, exotic animal parts are used as ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, served in restaurants, or sold as souvenirs in the form of rhino horns and ivory trinkets. A 2015 report published by the British NGO Environmental Investigation Agency described the zone as a veritable "open-air market" of endangered species.
Recently, efforts have been made to sweep the worst excesses under the rug. A pile of seized ivory objects was incinerated in front of the cameras. The most egregious items were taken off restaurant menus. And prostitution was confined to massage centers. Either way, if you ask people in front of the Kings Roman casino, they'll tell you that anything is available still upon request.
